STL iterators and algorithms

Since the version 3.4, Eigen's dense matrices and arrays provide STL compatible iterators. As demonstrated below, this makes them naturally compatible with range-for-loops and STL's algorithms.

Iterating over 1D arrays and vectors

Any dense 1D expressions exposes the pair of begin()/end() methods to iterate over them.

This directly enables c++11 range for loops:

Example:	Output:
VectorXi v = VectorXi::Random(4); cout << "Here is the vector v:\n"; for (auto x : v) cout << x << " "; cout << "\n";	Here is the vector v: 1804289383 -465790871 -189735855 719885386

One dimensional expressions can also easily be passed to STL algorithms:

Example:	Output:
Array4i v = Array4i::Random().abs(); cout << "Here is the initial vector v:\n" << v.transpose() << "\n"; std::sort(v.begin(), v.end()); cout << "Here is the sorted vector v:\n" << v.transpose() << "\n";	Here is the initial vector v: 1804289383 465790871 189735855 719885386 Here is the sorted vector v: 189735855 465790871 719885386 1804289383

Similar to std::vector, 1D expressions also exposes the pair of cbegin()/cend() methods to conveniently get const iterators on non-const object.

Iterating over coefficients of 2D arrays and matrices

STL iterators are intrinsically designed to iterate over 1D structures. This is why begin()/end() methods are disabled for 2D expressions. Iterating over all coefficients of a 2D expressions is still easily accomplished by creating a 1D linear view through reshaped():

Example:	Output:
Matrix2i A = Matrix2i::Random(); cout << "Here are the coeffs of the 2x2 matrix A:\n"; for (auto x : A.reshaped()) cout << x << " "; cout << "\n";	Here are the coeffs of the 2x2 matrix A: 1804289383 -465790871 -189735855 719885386

Iterating over rows or columns of 2D arrays and matrices

It is also possible to get iterators over rows or columns of 2D expressions. Those are available through the rowwise() and colwise() proxies. Here is an example sorting each row of a matrix:

Example:	Output:
ArrayXXi A = ArrayXXi::Random(4, 4).abs(); cout << "Here is the initial matrix A:\n" << A << "\n"; for (auto row : A.rowwise()) std::sort(row.begin(), row.end()); cout << "Here is the sorted matrix A:\n" << A << "\n";	Here is the initial matrix A: 1804289383 1550966999 1365180540 336465782 465790871 1122281286 304089172 1868760786 189735855 1364114958 35005211 2309581 719885386 2044897763 1852781081 1101513929 Here is the sorted matrix A: 336465782 1365180540 1550966999 1804289383 304089172 465790871 1122281286 1868760786 2309581 35005211 189735855 1364114958 719885386 1101513929 1852781081 2044897763